Here are some of the major market applications:

• Municipal and national water systems
• Irrigation systems
• Village electrification in developing countries
• Mines
• Coolant water in power systems
• Non-solid effluent
• Wastewater, particularly gray water outflow without solids
• Green building

Because hydroelectric power is so effective, the customer can expect a return on investment of around 20-30% per year, even though the flow is variable.
Our Benkatina hydroelectric turbine in a pipe is a great way to produce off-grid power in or outside of a water system. We would like to give you an idea of some of the useful and cost-saving applications. Some are already in use.

Off-grid power for remote villages or offices
This can be an important step in providing sustainable power for developing countries or remote offices in developed countries. Because the turbine can be used with or without a dam, it is possible to maintain the integrity of a stream or neighborhood by passing the water through a pipe and bringing it back downstream. No need to make a dam that reduces the amount of usable land.

Power for agricultural projects
Modern irrigation systems require energy to operate the controls. This is an ideal way to provide local electricity for controls or other uses. Larger irrigation channels can be used to provide larger amounts of electricity for other purposes

Powering batteries for water stations or other systems that require security
Water stations and reservoirs often need a few kilowatts a day for intrusion detection, lighting, and water sensors. The alternative of solar panels has the disadvantages of working only on sunny days, liability to theft, and the high maintenance cost of a crew to clean the panels on a regular basis. If you need to secure the water system, there is nothing better than a hydroelectric turbine that is attached to the water flow that you control, and an intruder may not easily see the source of the power that supplies the security equipment.

Powering telecom stations in remote areas near streams
Hydroelectric power is the most reliable and efficient renewable energy, and will quickly save money over using diesel fuel.

Powering telecom stations in remote water stations
Hydroelectric power is the most reliable and efficient renewable energy, and will quickly save money over using diesel fuel. This can be a new source of income for a water utility. Leviathan offers two options, on and off grid. The on-grid is more appropriate for creating large amounts of power and is the main one discussed for the pilot and the pipeline. The off-grid option with battery charging may be useful for running various types of equipment requiring small amounts of power along the length of the pipeline, such as water sensors and site security with cameras and lighting.

Here are some examples of small projects:

On-grid application: A 4” pipe with a 3000 l/min flow and a 30m differential head (between input and output, in other words, a 40 meter head will allow 10 meters head coming out) operating 24 hours a day 7 days a week will generate 9.6 kw per hour, or 83861 kwh per year, which is capable of injecting the grid with sufficient electricity to provide a return on investment of 2-4 years, depending on electricity rates and various expenses.

Off-grid application: A 4” pipe with a 300 l/min flow and a 30m differential head operating 3 hours a day 7 days a week will generate around 1 kilowatt per day, which is capable of charging a battery, which can be used for powering lighting and sensors at a water station. Here is a chart of some conditions for 5-20 kilowatts of power. We prefer starting with 20-kilowatt projects for on-grid. Off-grid is usually for 0.5-kilowatt generators.